From embodied accounts of cognition, we derived a novel hypothesis that facial feedback from upper and lower facial regions has differential effects on micro-expression recognition. Micro-expressions, as fleeting facial expressions, are very important for judging people's true emotions, thus can provide an essential behavioral clue for lie and dangerous demeanor detection. Thanks in large part to the advent and proliferation We not only can verify a person's identity via his or her face, but also can read out numerous kinds of information from the face, such as the person's intention and attention (gaze), emotional states, and even personality, among others. Faces are perhaps the most powerful biological platform upon which meaningful and satisfying social interactions are engaged and unfolded. This might explain why it has become a common practice to exaggerate portrayed expression in line-drawn faces: To overcome the inherently vague signals of emotional expression. Furthermore, compared to real faces, providing a verbal label failed to offer any additional help locating the matched expression from line-drawn faces, after controlling for the potential speed-accuracy tradeoff with inverse efficiency scores. The results indicated that while line-drawn faces differed from real faces in terms of identity processing, they may be quite similar in terms of expression processing. We did this to test the idea whether facial expressions of line-drawn face were in general more symbolically coded than real faces such that a verbal label would be more effective in retrieving those expressed by line-drawn faces.

In addition, we also examined the role a verbal label may play in identifying the facial expression that matched the description. In Experiment 2, we tracked participants' eye movements while they performed a delayed matching-to-sample task, in terms of expressed emotion, where images of either real or line-drawn faces were used as the sample. In Experiment 1, we used the part-whole task and showed that, compared to real faces, line-drawn faces were processed in a more part-based manner similar to non-face objects (i.e., houses). Here in two experiments we examined how line-drawn faces may differ from real faces in terms of identity and emotional expression processing. Owing to the proliferation of technology in social media in recent years, we have witnessed a significant surge of using line-drawn faces and expressions along with their real-face counterparts for purpose of communication. Projection serves spatial and temporal integration of face parts and changes.įace processing and recognition has been one of the most productive research areas in cognitive science over the past four decades, and in most studies images of real faces are the focus of inquiry. We conclude that the highly salient smile projects to other facial regions, thus influencing the perception of the eye expression. This bias occurred when the mouth and the eyes appeared simultaneously and aligned, but also to some extent when they were misaligned and when the mouth appeared after the eyes. Results indicated that the smile biased the evaluation of the eye expression: The same non-happy eyes were more likely to be judged as happy and categorized more slowly as not happy in a face with a smiling mouth than in a face with a non-smiling mouth or with no mouth. Participants judged whether the eyes were happy or not.

Attention to the eye region was spatially cued while foveal vision of the mouth was blocked by gaze-contingent masking.

A smiling mouth appeared in composite faces with incongruent non-happy (fearful, neutral, etc.) eyes, thus producing blended expressions, or it appeared in intact faces with genuine expressions. We investigated how extrafoveally seen smiles influence the viewers' perception of non-happy eyes in a face. A smile is visually highly salient and grabs attention automatically.

Eye expressions